Association between winter season and desmopressin treatment efficiency in children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis: a pilot study

ABSTRACT Objectives: The purpose of our study was to assess the association between the winter season and desmopressin treatment failure in South Chinese children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE). Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis who have visited our urology clinic from January to December 2019. All patients received desmopressin treatment. Final treatment outcomes were categorized as successful (complete response) or failed (absent and partial response). The relationship between winter season and treatment response to desmopressin was evaluated. Additionally, associated risk factors were investigated with both univariate and multivariate regression analysis. Results: In total, 393 patients diagnosed with MNE were included in the present study. There were no statistically significant differences in pretreatment variables at first visit between patients who visited the clinic in winter and those who did so in other seasons. However, the treatment failure rate of MNE in the winter season was higher than that of other seasons (77.50% vs. 52.74%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the severity of symptoms and an initial clinic visit in the winter season were significantly related to desmopressin treatment failure in MNE patients. Conclusion: Winter season and severity of symptoms are two risk factors associated with desmopressin treatment failure in MNE patients.

Desmopressin acetate use in von Willebrand's disease: a survey on current practices in Brazil

ABSTRACT Introduction: von Willebrand's disease (VWD) is the most common inherited bleeding disorder. The 1-desamino-8-d-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) is the treatment of choice for most responsive patients with VWD. The aim of this study was to evaluate DDAVP use in the management of VWD. Method: We implemented a survey targeting medical doctors involved in the management of VWD in Brazil. Data was collected during a national congress on Hematology in November 2017. Main results: A total of 51/80 (63.8%) questionnaires were collected. Most participants (76.2%) were hematologists who assisted adult patients and approximately 60% worked at hemophilia treatment centers (HTCs). Approximately half of participants who reported treating patients with VWD, assisted on average, less than 5 patients per month, and approximately 60% declared not having used any DDAVP for treating VWD in the previous year. However, most participants (70%) prescribed FVIII-containing VWF concentrate (VWF/FVIII) for 1-10 patients in the previous year. More than 80% of the participants recognized the main indications for DDAVP. Physicians who recognized indication for DDAVP for type 1 VWD more often had prescribed DDAVP in previous year (p = 0.03). Barriers for prescribing DDAVP varied and included unavailability of laboratory facilities and consumables for DDAVP testing and lack of skills on its prescription. Conclusion: The DDAVP is currently underused in Brazil, as opposed to the excessive use of VWF/FVIII in VWD patients. We suggest the adoption of measures targeting educational and auditing programs. Furthermore, availability of laboratory reagents is needed to evaluate response and increment the correct use of DDAVP.

A comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of treating primary nocturnal enuresis with Solifenacin Plus Desmopressin, Tolterodine Plus Desmopressin, and Desmopressin alone: a randomized controlled clinical trial

ABSTRACT Introduction: Nocturnal enuresis (enuresis) is one of the most common developmental problems of childhood, which has often a familial basis, causes mental and psychological damage to the child and disrupts family solace. Objectives: In this study, we compared therapeutic efficacy and tolerability of treating primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) with solifenacin plus desmopressin, tolterodine plus desmopressin, and desmopressin alone. Because we don't have enough information about this comparison especially about solifenacin plus desmopressin. Patients and Methods: This clinical trial study was performed on 62 patients with enuresis aged 5-15 years who referred to the urology clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahwaz in 2017-2018. Patients were randomly assigned to one of the three different therapeutic protocols and any participants were given a specific code. After that, we compared the therapeutic response and the level of satisfaction of each therapeutic group in different months. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software and descriptive and analytical statistics. Results: The mean age of patients was 8.70±66 years. In the therapeutic group with desmopressin and solifenacin, 19 of 20 patients (95%) achieved complete remission (1) after a 3-month treatment in comparison with monotherapy group in which 14 of 22 patients (63.63%) achieved complete remission; and in the combination therapy group of desmopressin and tolterodine, in the study and the evaluation of the consequences of 3-month treatment of this group, it was found that 17 of 20 patients (85%) had complete remission. Overall, the therapeutic response in combination therapy groups of desmopressin plus anticholinergic was higher than the monotherapy group of desmopressin alone. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that the combination of desmopressin and an anticholinergic agent is highly effective in treatment of children with PMNE. Although desmopressin has long been a first - line treatment for PMNE, desmopressin monotherapy often fails to achieve a successful response in patients with PMNE.

Respuesta a la prueba de desmopresina: estudio de cohorte en un hospital de Bogotá / Response to the desmopressin test: cohort study in a Bogota hospital

Introducción: La desmopresina es un análogo sintético de la vasopresina que aumenta los niveles plasmáticos del factor VIII y del factor de von Willebrand. Algunos autores señalan el tiempo de mantenimiento del efecto hemostático entre 6 y 8 h, por lo que es necesario estudiar su efecto en el tiempo. Objetivo: Determinar la variación de las variables de laboratorio de pacientes con enfermedad de von Willebrand y hemofilia tipo A posterior a la administración de desmopresina. Métodos: Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo en un hospital universitario en Bogotá. Se realizó un muestreo no aleatorio, se incluyeron 24 pacientes mayores de 18 años con diagnóstico de enfermedad de von Willebrand (67 por ciento) y hemofilia tipo A no grave (33 por ciento), a quienes se les realizó la prueba de desmopresina. Se conformaron dos grupos de pacientes, independientemente del diagnóstico: 15 pacientes con valores basales de factor VIII ; 50 UI y 13 pacientes con valores basales de antígeno von Willebrand lt; 50 UI. Se efectúo análisis estadístico descriptivo y correlacional en Stata 13. Resultados: El 87 por ciento de los pacientes del grupo I alcanzó el valor terapéutico a las 2 h de administrada la desmopresina (p= 0,000), el cual se mantuvo hasta 6 h en el 77 por ciento (p= 0,000). En el grupo II el 92 por ciento logró el valor terapéutico en 2 h (p= 0,003), que continuó hasta las 6 h en el 83 por ciento (p= 0,000). Conclusiones: La respuesta a la administración de desmopresina fue máxima a las 2 h posteriores, cuando comenzó a disminuir progresivamente, pero mantuvo el efecto terapéutico. Aunque no se encontraron efectos adversos, existe variabilidad de respuesta entre pacientes(AU)

Introduction: Desmopressin is a synthetic analog for vasopressin that increases the plasma levels of factor VIII and of von Willebrand factor. Some authors indicate maintenance time of hemostatic effect between 6 and 8 hours, so it is necessary to study its effect over time. Objective: To determine the variation of laboratory variables in patients with von Willebrand disease and type A hemophilia after desmopressin administration. Methods: Retrospective cohort study carried out in a university hospital in Bogotá. Nonrandomized sampling was used, including 24 patients older than 18 years and with a diagnosis of von Willebrand disease (67 percent) and non-severe type A hemophilia (33 percent), who underwent the desmopressin test. Two groups of patients were created, regardless of diagnosis: 15 patients with baseline values of factor-VIII 8203; #8203;lower than 50 IU and 13 patients with baseline values of von Willebrand antigen8203;8203;lower than 50 IU. Descriptive and correlational statistical analysis was performed in Stata 13. Results: 87 percent of patients in group I reached the therapeutic value two hours after desmopressin administration (p=0.000), which was maintained for up to six hours in 77 percent (p=0.000). In group II, 92 percent achieved the therapeutic value in two hours (p=0.003), which continued until six hours in 83 percent (p=0.000). Conclusions: Response to desmopressin administration was maximum at two hours, when it began to decrease progressively, but maintained the therapeutic effect. Although no adverse effects were found, there is variability of response among patients(AU)

Brazilian consensus in enuresis-recomendations for clinical practice

ABSTRACT Introduction Enuresis, defined as an intermittent urinary incontinence that occurs during sleep, is a frequent condition, occurring in about 10% of children at 7 years of age. However, it is frequently neglected by the family and by the primary care provider, leaving many of those children without treatment. Despite of many studies in Enuresis and recent advances in scientific and technological knowledge there is still considerable heterogeneity in evaluation methods and therapeutic approaches. Materials and Methods The board of Pediatric Urology of the Brazilian Society of Urology joined a group of experts and reviewed all important issues on Enuresis and elaborated a draft of the document. On September 2018 the panel met to review, discuss and write a consensus document. Results and Discussion Enuresis is a multifactorial disease that can lead to a diversity of problems for the child and family. Children presenting with Enuresis require careful evaluation and treatment to avoid future psychological and behavioral problems. The panel addressed recommendations on up to date choice of diagnosis evaluation and therapies.

Study of the profile of behavioral problems and quality of life indexes in a pediatric cohort of monosymptomatic enuresis / Estudo do perfil dos problemas de comportamento e dos índices de qualidade de vida numa coorte pediátrica de enurese monossintomática

Abstract Objective: To evaluate and correlate, before and after the therapeutic intervention, the behavioral problem scores evaluated by the CBCL/6-18 questionnaire and the quality of life indexes evaluated by the PedsQL™ 4.0 in patients with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis. Method: After the initial evaluation and completion of the CBCL/6-18 questionnaire, a multidisciplinary evaluation and completion of the PedsQL™ 4.0 questionnaire was performed. Of the initially evaluated 140 children and adolescents aged 6-16 years, 58 were excluded due to non-monosymptomatic enuresis or associated comorbidities. Of the initially included 82 patients, who were randomized to three treatment groups, 59 completed the CBCL/6-18 and PedsQL™ 4.0 questionnaires at the end of the treatment and were included in this study. The α error was set at 5% for ruling out the null hypothesis. Results: Of the total of 59 participants, 45.8% responded with total success, 23.7% were partially successful, 23.7% did not reach the improvement criteria, and 6.8% gave up the treatment. There was a significant increase in quality of life indexes and a reduction of post-intervention behavioral problem scores, in the three proposed modalities, in patients who had a total or partial response to treatment. There was no correlation between higher scores of pre-treatment behavior problems and therapeutic failure. Conclusions: Only the participants who successfully responded to interventions showed improvement in quality of life and behavioral problems, which indicates that enuresis is a primary problem that has a negative impact on these parameters. The authors suggest that it is possible to achieve success in the treatment of monosymptomatic enuresis, even in patients with high pre-intervention behavioral problem scores.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar e relacionar, pré e pós-intervenção terapêutica, em pacientes com enurese noturna monossintomática, os escores de problemas de comportamento, avaliados pelo questionário CBCL/6-18, e os índices de qualidade de vida, avaliados pelo PedsQL™ 4.0. Método: Após avaliação inicial e preenchimento CBCL6/18, procedeu-se avaliação multidisciplinar e preenchimento do PedsQL™ 4.0. Das 140 crianças e adolescentes de 6 a 16 anos inicialmente avaliados, 58 foram excluídos por enurese não monossintomática ou comorbidades associadas. Dos 82 pacientes inicialmente incluídos e randomizados em três grupos de tratamento, 59 preencheram o CBCL/6-18 e PedsQL™ 4.0 no fim do tratamento e puderam ser incluídos neste trabalho. O erro alfa foi estabelecido em 5% para descarte da hipótese de nulidade. Resultados: Dos 59 participantes 45,8% responderam com sucesso total, 23,7% tiveram sucesso parcial, 23,7% não atingiram critério de melhoria e 6,8% desistiram do tratamento. Verificou-se aumento significativo dos índices de qualidade de vida e redução dos escores de problemas de comportamento pós-intervenção, nas três modalidades propostas, nos pacientes que obtiveram resposta total ou parcial ao tratamento. Não se demonstrou correlação entre maiores escores de problemas de comportamento pré-tratamento e insucesso terapêutico. Conclusões: Apenas os participantes que responderam com sucesso às intervenções melhoraram em sua qualidade de vida e problemas comportamentais, o que indica que a enurese é um problema primário que impacta negativamente esses parâmetros. Sugere-se que é viável obter sucesso no tratamento da enurese monossintomática, mesmo em pacientes com altos escores de problemas de comportamento pré-intervenção.

Tratamiento con desmopresina sublingual en dos lactantes con hidranencefalia y diabetes insípida central / Treatment with sublingual desmopressin in two infants with hydranencephaly and central diabetes insipidus

La diabetes insípida central es una patología infrecuente en pediatría ocasionada por un déficit de vasopresina. Sus manifestaciones clínicas principales son poliuria y polidipsia. Las malformaciones cerebrales son una de las principales causas. La desmopresina es la droga sintética de elección para el tratamiento. Una de las vías de administración es la sublingual y su uso en lactantes es muy limitado. Se describe a dos lactantes con hidranencefalia y diabetes insípida central que fueron tratados satisfactoriamente con desmopresina sublingual.

Central diabetes insipidus is a rare disease in children caused by a deficiency of vasopressin. Its main clinical manifestations are polyuria and polydipsia. Brain malformations are one of the main causes. Desmopressin is the synthetic drug of choice for the treatment. One of the routes of administration is sublingual and its use in infants is very limited. We describe two infants with central diabetes insipidus and hydranencephaly who were successfully treated with sublingual desmopressin.

Time Course of Treatment for Primary Enuresis With Overactive Bladder / 대한배뇨장애요실금학회지

PURPOSE: To characterize the course of treatment for nonmonosymptomatic enuresis with overactive bladder (OAB) in a real clinical setting. METHODS: Data from 111 OAB patients with moderate to severe enuresis were analyzed. The baseline analysis included a questionnaire, voiding diary, uroflowmetry with postvoid residual urine measurement, and plain abdominal radiography of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder (KUB). Following standard urotherapy for 1 month, anticholinergic medication was administered with or without laxatives. Desmopressin was added if there was a partial response to OAB. Patients were followed every 3 months to evaluate the status of OAB and enuresis. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify predictors associated with the lack of complete response (CR) in enuresis at 12 months. RESULTS: Following 12 months of treatment, 64% and 88% of patients experienced at least partial response in enuresis and OAB, respectively. Urgency improved more quickly than enuresis, supporting the need to address daytime symptoms before enuresis. Seventy-nine patients (71%) had fecal impaction on KUB and/or subjective constipation. The combination of anticholinergics with either laxatives or desmopressin fared better than anticholinergics alone. Daytime incontinence and anticholinergics-only treatment were associated with a lack of CR during 12 months of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The data confirmed the validity of addressing OAB before treating enuresis. The results of this study also highlight the need to address fecal impaction. Patients should be counseled about the need for a prolonged course of treatment before starting treatment. Anticholinergics should be accompanied with either desmopressin or laxatives for better control of enuresis.

Desmopressina oral para o tratamento de diabetes insípido central / Oral desmopressin for the treatment of central diabetes insipidus

A DOENÇA: O diabetes insípido é uma síndrome caracterizada pela incapacidade de concentração do filtrado urinário, com consequente desenvolvimento de urina hipotônica e aumento de volume urinário (1). Pode ocorrer por deficiência do hormônio antidiurético (ADH) [também conhecido como arginina vasopressina (AVP)] ou por resistência à sua ação nos túbulos renais. Quando há deficiência na síntese do ADH, o diabetes insípido é chamado central, neurohipofisário ou neurogênico (DIC); quando há resistência à sua ação nos túbulos renais, é dito renal ou nefrogênico. É uma doença rara que pode afetar todas as faixas etárias. A TECNOLOGIA: A desmopressina é um análogo sintético do ADH com maior tempo de ação, maior potência antidiurética e menor efeito pressórico quando comparado ao ADH. O tratamento do diabetes insípido com desmopressina tem embasamento em séries de casos. O primeiro relato de seu uso no tratamento de diabetes insípido central envolveu uma série de 10 pacientes com a condição. Nesse estudo, que utilizou como controles os dados históricos dos 10 pacientes no período em que usavam o ADH como tratamento, a desmopressina mostrou-se segura e apresentou vantagens em relação ao ADH, principalmente quanto ao número de aplicações do medicamento (6-10 doses/dia com ADH e 1-3 doses/dia com desmopressina) e aos efeitos adversos (comuns com ADH e não detectados com desmopressina). Pela inequívoca demonstração de tratar-se de um fármaco com perfil de segurança e efetividade favoráveis, a desmopressina no tratamento do diabetes insípido central foi amplamente adotada, não existindo ensaios clínicos randomizados comparando ADH e desmopressina no tratamento da condição. CONSIDERAÇÕES: Solicita-se a incorporação no PCDT de diabetes insípido da apresentação na forma comprimidos para o uso oral da desmopressina para propiciar mais uma opção de via de administração no tratamento dos pacientes com diabetes insípido. DELIBERAÇÃO FINAL: Os membros da CONITEC presentes na reunião do plenário do dia 03/08/2017 deliberaram, por unanimidade, por recomendar a incorporação de desmopressina oral para diabetes insípido desde que o custo de tratamento não seja superior à desmopressina já disponível no SUS. DECISÃO: PORTARIA Nº 61, DE 19 DE DEZEMBRO DE 2017. Torna pública a decisão de incorporar a desmopressina oral para Diabetes Insípido, mediante negociação de preço, no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde ­ SUS.

Infundibuloneurohipofisitis: caso clínico y revisión de la literatura / Infundibuloneurohypophysitis: clinical report and literature review

Infundibuloneurohypophysitis is a rare condition, which is part of the group of hypophysitis, of relatively recent description (1993). The main clinical manifestation is diabetes insipidus, whose natural evolution is towards chronicity. The differential diagnosis with other thickening of the hypophysial stem is very important, where the clinic, imaging, laboratory and eventually biopsy are a main support for a correct diagnosis. We present a clinical case that shows the usual picture of infundibuloneurohypophysitis, and illustrates the imaging evolution in a female patient, with diabetes insipidus as the main clinical manifestation

Behavioral factors for predicting severity of enuresis and treatment responses in different compliance groups receiving behavioral therapy

Objective: To investigate behavioral factors for predicting severity of nocturnal enuresis and compare response rates in different compliance groups of behavioral interventions

Methods: Three hundred eleven children diagnosed with nocturnal enuresis were enrolled. This study was conducted at Beijing Children's Hospital affiliated to the Capital Medical University from September 2016 to December 2016. Correlation of severity of enuresis and behavioral factors was investigated. All patients were treated with desmopressin based on behavioral interventions. After two month treatment, the patients were grouped according to the compliance of behavioral therapy. Then response rates in different compliance groups were compared

Results: Multivariate analysis revealed stool frequency, drinking water before going to bed, awaking the child to toilet at night, and appetite were independent risk factors affecting the severity of enuresis. The complete response rate of enuresis and partial response rate in full compliance group are higher than those of partial compliance and non-compliance group [21.9% vs 11.3%, 78.1% vs 59.8%; 21.9% vs0%, 78.131 vs 49.1%; P<0.01]

The complete response rate and partial response rate of partial compliance group are higher than those of the non-compliance group [P<0.01]

Conclusions: Stool frequency, drinking water before going to bed, awaking the child to toilet at night, and appetite are independent predictive factors affecting the severity of enuresis. Good compliance of behavioral interventions may have a crucial role for better therapeutic outcomes

Testosterone Deficiency and Nocturia: A Review

Nocturia causes lack of sleep and excessive daytime somnolence, reducing overall well-being, vitality, productivity, and mental health. Nocturia is significantly associated with testosterone deficiency, lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), and sleep disorders. The development of LUTS is commonly associated with testosterone deficiency in elderly men, and recent studies have suggested that testosterone has an ameliorative effect on nocturia. In hypogonadal men with nocturia, a negative feedback cycle can arise, in which testosterone deficiency leads to the development of nocturia, and nocturia contributes to the decline in testosterone levels. Therefore, patients with nocturia should receive appropriate treatment in order to improve their quality of life. Nocturia is generally treated by restricting nighttime water intake, as well as by the administration of medications, such as alpha-1 blockers, anticholinergic drugs, and desmopressin. Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is used worldwide as a treatment for many hypogonadal conditions. TRT represents an alternative treatment option for nocturia in hypogonadal men. However, limited information is currently available regarding the effects of TRT on nocturia in hypogonadal men, and further studies are required to reach more definitive conclusions.

Central Diabetes Insipidus Linked to Rathke's Cleft Cyst, Polyuria in a 17-year-old Girl

A 17-year-old girl presented with polyuria (7 L/day) and polydipsia for one year. Initial urine osmolality was 113mOsm/kg H₂O. Following 6 h of fluid restriction, serum plasma osmolality reached 300mOsm/kg H₂O, whereas urine osmolality was 108mOsm/kg H₂O. Urine osmolality was increased by 427% from 108 to 557mOsm/kg after vasopressin challenge. The patient was diagnosed with central diabetes insipidus, possibly derived from the atypical occupation of a Rathke's cleft cyst at the pituitary stalk following magnetic resonance imaging with enhancement. She was discharged with desmopressin nasal spray (10 µg); urine output was maintained at 2-3 L/day, and urine osmolality was >300 mOsm/kg. Additional pituitary image studies and evaluation of hypopituitarism should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with central diabetes insipidus.

Behavioral therapy for enuresis

Behavioral therapy refers to a broad range of treatment modalities that regulate the child's behavior to induce a therapeutic effect on nocturnal enuresis. Simple behavioral therapies include fluid restriction, lifting, waking, introducing reward systems, and bladder training. Simple behavioral therapy is significantly less effective than an enuresis alarm or desmopressin. If a child needs treatment, an enuresis alarm or desmopressin should not be delayed. Enuresis alarms are an effective form of treatment, although they require active involvement of the health care provider to reduce the likelihood of dropout and to motivate the child and parents.

Pharmacological therapy of nocturnal enuresis

Nocturnal enuresis is a common problem of children during sleeping at preschool or school age. It may affect negatively the psychosocial development of children. Children with enuresis may have lower self-esteem and lower quality of life. There are three main factors of the pathophysiology of enuresis: high nocturnal urine production, nocturnal low bladder capacity or increased detrusor muscle activity, and arousal disorder. As pharmacological therapy for nocturnal enuresis, several medications including desmopressin, anticholinergics, imipramine have been used for a long time. As first-line therapy, desmopressin combined with anticholinergics has good response in primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis. Because imipramine has serious and lethal cardiotoxic effect with overdosage, imipramine should be prescribed after EKG to rule out the conduction problem of heart.

Paliperidone Palmitate-induced Urinary Incontinence: A Case Report

Urinary incontinence, although rarely reported, is one of the most important adverse effects of antipsychotic medication. It can be an embarrassing, distressing, and potentially treatment-limiting. Several antipsychotics, including both typical and atypical varieties, are known to induce urinary incontinence. Many antipsychotic drugs target the neural pathways controlling continence by binding to receptors of some neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, acetylcholine, and adrenaline. Pharmacological management of incontinence should be considered if there is a risk of cessation of the antipsychotic therapy or any decline in patients' compliance. Amitriptyline, desmopressin, ephedrine, and anticholinergics such as oxybutynin and trihexyphenidyl are the most frequently used agents to treat incontinence. We think that the frequency of incontinence is higher than reported in the literature, and that follow-up routines should include a form of standardized screening for all possible adverse effects, including incontinence, of any given antipsychotic. In this article, we report a case of urinary incontinence as an adverse effect of paliperidone palmitate use during maintenance therapy in a patient with schizophrenia.

Melatonin's Effect on the Efficacy of Desmopressin in the Treatment of Enuresis / 대한배뇨장애요실금학회지

PURPOSE: This study aims to evaluate and compare the efficacy of exogenous melatonin associated with desmopressin (dDAVP) and dietary recommendations. METHODS: A total of 189 patients were enrolled from the Service of Pediatrics, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital of Rome, from January 2013 to June 2015. Of the 189 original patients, 153 children, aged between 5 and 14 years (mean age, 8.7 years) were included in the study. After clinical evaluation and a 3-month period of observation without treatment, children were assigned to receive treatment in one of 3 groups: group 1, dDAVP at a dose of 120 mcg a day (Minirin); group 2, dDAVP at a dose of 120 mcg and dietary recommendations; or group 3, dDAVP at a dose of 120 mcg, dietary recommendations, and melatonin at a dose of 1 mg a day (Melamil plus). Each patient was treated for 3 months. RESULTS: After the 3 months of therapy, a desiderable response was achieved in 30 of 51 patients (58.82%) treated with dDAVP, 35 of 53 patients (66.04%) treated with dDAVP and dietary recommendations, and 35 of 49 patients (71.43%) treated with dDAVP, dietary recommendations, and melatonin. CONCLUSIONS: Although not statistically significant, the results show that the association between dDAVP treatment with dietary recommendations and melatonin could be considered a safe and effective treatment of NE. Considering that the statistically insignificant results might be due to the small sample size, the study will be continued to increase the number of subjects.

A patient with Cushing disease lateralizing a pituitary adenoma by inferior petrosal sinus sampling using desmopressin: a case report

A 14-year-old girl was referred for evaluation of the etiology of Cushing syndrome. During the previous 2 years, she had experienced weight gain, secondary amenorrhea, growth retardation, and back pain. Random serum cortisol level, 24-hour urinary free cortisol excretion, and overnight and low-dose dexamethasone suppression tests suggested Cushing syndrome. Midnight adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) level and high-dose dexamethasone suppression test confirmed Cushing disease. Pituitary magnetic resonance imaging was suspicious for microadenoma. To eliminate ectopic ACTH syndrome, and lateralize the pituitary tumor, inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS) was performed by desmopressin use to stimulate ACTH. Finally, the patient was diagnosed with Cushing disease due to ACTH-secreting pituitary microadenoma, lateralized to the left side; subsequently underwent transsphenoidal surgery. Here we report a case of a 14-year-old girl diagnosed with Cushing disease with a pituitary tumor lateralized by IPSS using desmopressin, which is very rare in pediatric Cushing disease.

Deficiency of antidiuretic hormone: a rare cause of massive polyuria after kidney transplantation / 소아과

A 15-year-old boy, who was diagnosed with Alport syndrome and end-stage renal disease, received a renal transplant from a living-related donor. On postoperative day 1, his daily urine output was 10,000 mL despite normal graft function. His laboratory findings including urine, serum osmolality, and antidiuretic hormone levels showed signs similar to central diabetes insipidus, so he was administered desmopressin acetate nasal spray. After administering the desmopressin, urine specific gravity and osmolality increased abruptly, and daily urine output declined to the normal range. The desmopressin acetate was tapered gradually and discontinued 3 months later. Graft function was good, and urine output was maintained within the normal range without desmopressin 20 months after the transplantation. We present a case of a massive polyuria due to transient deficiency of antidiuretic hormone with the necessity of desmopressin therapy immediately after kidney transplantation in a pediatric patient.